LIST OF ACROYMS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
Chapter 1 Introduction
Democratic Consolidation and Party System Stability
The Arguments
Other Contributions
Organization of the Book
Chapter 2 DeStabilization of Party System after Regime Change
Introduction
2.1 The Development of Philippine Political Institutions
2.2 Destabilization of the Party System after Re-democratization
2.3 Existing Theories of Party-System (In)Stability
Theories in the Comparative Politics Literature
The Faction-Based Theory in Philippine Studies
Chapter Summary
Chapter 3 The Presidential Bandwagon Framework
Introduction
3.1 Predicting Patterns of Party-Affiliation Behavior
3.2 Explaining Instability in the Legislative Party System
3.3 Explaining Instability in Presidential Elections
3.4 Caveats
Chapter Summary
Chapter 4 Patronage in Philippine Elections
Introduction
4.1 Overview of Strategies
4.2 Policy
4.3 Personality
4.4 Patronage
Pork-Barreling
Casework
Vote-Buying
The Relationship between Pork, Casework, and Vote-Buying
4.5 Why is Patronage so Important?
Chapter Summary
Chapter 5 The President's Control of Legislators’ Patronage
Introduction
5.1 Sources of Pork for Legislators
Importance of the National Budget
Sources of Pork from the National Government Budget
5.2 The President’s Power of Release
5.3 Presidents’ Actual Use of the Power of Release
5.4 Why Does the President Maintain his Power of Release?
Initial Condition
Actors and their Preferences
Institutional Setting and its Expected Effects
Congressional Attempts to Take Away the Presidential Power of Release
Chapter Summary
Chapter 6 Permeability of Party Nomination
Introduction
6.1. Nomination for the House of Representatives
Official Rule: Local Convention
Actual Nomination Practices
6.2. Nomination for Senatorial Seats
Official Rule: National Convention
Actual Nomination Practices
6.3. Why is Party Nomination Kept Permeable?
National Party Leaders’ Incentives
Organizational Structure of Philippine Parties
Chapter Summary
Chapter 7 Party Affiliation Behavior
Introduction
7.1 Party-Switching in the Philippines
7.2 Direction of Party-Switching
7.3 Calculus of Party Affiliation
Hypotheses
Regression Model
Results and Analysis
Chapter Summary
Chapter 8 Explaining Legislative Party-System Formation
Introduction
8.1 Testing the Faction-based Theory
Did the Number of Factions Increase?
Modernization and Factional Politics
8.2 Correlation Analysis of the Presidential Bandwagon Framework
8.3 The Mechanism of Party-System Formation in the House of Representatives
8.4 The Mechanism of Senate Party-System Formation
Chapter Summary
Chapter 9 The Dynamics of Presidential Elections
Introduction
9.1 Presidential Elections Before and After the Authoritarian Interlude
9.2 Increased Number of Presidential Candidates
9.3 Party-Label Instability in Post-Marcos Presidential Elections
The Effect of Incumbent Entry from a Comparative Perspective
The Philippine Case Illustrated
Chapter Summary
Chapter 10 Presidential Term Limit and Party System Instability in New Democracies
Introduction
10. 1. Presidential Term Limit as a Neglected Aspect
10.2 Theory
Incumbent Entry and the Number of Presidential Candidates
Number of Presidential Candidates and Party System Stability
The Presidential- and Legislative-Level Party System Instability
10.3 Regression Models and Data Preparation
Testing Hypothesis 10.1
Testing Hypothesis 10.2
Testing Hypothesis 10.3
10.4 Results and Discussion
Incumbent Entry on Number of Presidential Candidates
Fragmentation of Presidential Elections on Presidential Party System Volatility
Presidential and Legislative Party System Volatility
Chapter Summary
Chapter 11 Conclusion
11.1 Comparative Implications of the Philippine Case
Presidential Term Limits and Party System Stability in New Democracies
Presidentialism and the Number of Legislative Parties
11.2 The Future of Philippine Party Politics
Will the Philippine Party System Stabilize?
Will Parties Continue to be Weak?
Final Remarks
APPENDICES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF INTERVIEWS
INDEX
